People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets like ...

In the audio world, the debate over closed-loop versus open-loop architectures has raged on for many years. Depending on the end-application or customer preference, valid arguments for both ...

Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

An open-label randomized trial found patients using the closed-loop system had more time in their target glucose ranges. Closed-loop insulin therapy systems continually monitor insulin and pump ...

This new study of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes from France and Belgium investigated the effectiveness of insulin delivery via closed-loop and open-loop systems. Closed-loop delivery of ...