Female-to-female sexual transmission of HIV - Aidsmap
Key points. The risk of female-to-female sexual transmission is extremely rare, with only a handful of reported cases. HIV-positive women who identify as lesbian may have acquired HIV through injecting drug use or sex with men. Transmission is possible through sharing of sex toys and exposure to blood during sex.
What is the window period for HIV testing? | aidsmap
The median window period is 18 days (interquartile range 13 to 24 days). This indicates that half of all infections would be detected between 13 and 24 days after exposure. 99% of HIV-infected individuals would be detectable within 44 days of exposure. UK guidelines state that 45 days is the window period for fourth-generation laboratory tests.
On-demand PrEP is highly effective, but some may find it confusing
Jul 8, 2020 · On-demand PrEP is also known as event-based PrEP or PrEP 2-1-1. It involves taking two tablets 2 to 24 hours before engaging in sex, taking a single tablet 24 hours after the first two, and another tablet 24 hours after that. On-demand PrEP using daily Truvada was shown to be highly effective for gay and bisexual men in the French IPERGAY study.
How accurate are rapid, point-of-care tests for HIV? - Aidsmap
In contrast, the recommended laboratory tests also detect p24 antigen, a protein contained in HIV's viral core that can be detected sooner than antibodies. Most rapid tests, with the exception of the Determine HIV Early Detect and Determine HIV-1/2 cannot detect p24 antigen. The accuracy of point-of-care tests is not always equal to those of laboratory tests, especially in relation to recent ...
How likely is mother-to-child transmission of HIV? - Aidsmap
Transmission from pregnant women with diagnosed HIV has fallen to 0.3% and 0.2% in the UK and France respectively. In 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa surveyed in 2019, the transmission rate varied between 2 and 25%. The countries with the best figures were Botswana, Eswatini, South Africa and Namibia (all below 5%).
Antiretroviral drug chart - Aidsmap
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Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) Emtricitabine 200mg capsule 1 Common: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, indigestion, headache, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, raised liver enzyme, amylase or creatine kinase levels, raised blood sugar and triglyceride levels, rash, itching, skin darkening, insomnia, abnormal dreams
Viral load - Aidsmap
You should have your viral load measured when you are first diagnosed with HIV. If it is known that you have very recently become HIV positive (a period known as primary infection), you will have it measured three to six months later to determine your viral load ‘set point’ – the level of your viral load once it stabilises when the period of primary infection is over.
Islatravir plus lenacapavir could be the first once-weekly oral HIV ...
Mar 6, 2024 · A once-weekly oral regimen can keep HIV suppressed as well as daily pills, according to study results presented today at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2024).. In a phase II clinical trial, 94% of people who switched to weekly islatravir and lenacapavir pills maintained an undetectable viral load, matching the viral suppression rate of those who stayed on ...
HIV-1 subtypes - Aidsmap
After 37 years of pioneering health journalism, community engagement, and empowerment through information, we have now ceased operations. This website will be accessible until September 2025, with all the information being up to date as of July 2024.